Neurogenetics of dopaminergic
receptor supersensitivity in activation of brain
reward circuitry and relapse: proposing "deprivation-amplification relapse
therapy" (DART).
Blum K, Chen TJ, Downs
BW, Bowirrat A, Waite RL, Braverman
ER, Madigan M, Oscar-Berman M, DiNubile N, Stice E, Giordano J, Morse S, Gold M.
Postgrad
Med . 2009 Nov;121 (6):176-96. Review.PMID : 19940429 [PubMed -
indexed for MEDLINE] Related citations
Do dopaminergic gene polymorphisms affect mesolimbic reward activation of music listening response? Therapeutic impact on Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS).
Blum K, Chen TJ, Chen
AL, Madigan M, Downs BW, Waite RL, Braverman ER, Kerner M, Bowirrat A, Giordano J,
Henshaw H, Gold MS.
Med
Hypotheses . 2010 Mar;74 (3):513-20.
Epub 2009 Nov 14. PMID: 19914781 [PubMed - indexed for
MEDLINE] Related citations
Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder and reward deficiency
syndrome.
Blum K, Chen AL, Braverman ER, Comings DE, Chen TJ, Arcuri
V, Blum SH, Downs BW, Waite RL, Notaro A, Lubar J, Williams L, Prihoda TJ, Palomo T, Oscar-Berman M.
Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat . 2008 Oct;4 (5):893-918. PMID: 19183781 [PubMed
- in process]Free PMC ArticleFree text Related
Activation instead of blocking mesolimbic dopaminergic reward
circuitry is a preferred modality in the long term treatment of reward
deficiency syndrome (RDS): a commentary.
Blum K, Chen AL, Chen TJ, Braverman ER, Reinking J, Blum
SH, Cassel K, Downs BW, Waite RL, Williams L, Prihoda
TJ, Kerner MM, Palomo T,
Comings DE, Tung H, Rhoades P, Oscar-Berman M.
Theor
Biol Med Model .
2008 Nov 12;5:24 . Review.PMID : 19014506 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Free
PMC ArticleFree text Related citations
Hypothesizing that brain reward
circuitry genes are genetic antecedents of pain sensitivity and critical
diagnostic and pharmacogenomic treatment targets for
chronic pain conditions.
Chen AL, Chen TJ, Waite RL, Reinking J, Tung HL, Rhoades P, Downs BW, Braverman E, Braverman D, Kerner M, Blum SH, DiNubile N,
Smith D, Oscar-Berman M, Prihoda TJ, Floyd JB,
O'Brien D, Liu HH, Blum K.
Med Hypotheses . 2009 Jan;72 (1):14-22.
Epub 2008 Oct 31. Review.PMID : 18951726 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Related citations
LG839: anti-obesity effects and
polymorphic gene correlates of reward deficiency syndrome.
Blum K, Chen AL, Chen TJ, Rhoades P, Prihoda TJ, Downs BW, Waite RL, Williams L, Braverman ER, Braverman D, Arcuri V, Kerner M, Blum SH, Palomo T.
Adv Ther . 2008 Sep;25 (9):894-913. PMID: 18781289 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
Manipulation of catechol -O-methyl-transferase
(COMT) activity to influence the attenuation of substance seeking behavior, a
subtype of Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS), is dependent upon gene
polymorphisms: a hypothesis.
Blum K, Chen TJ, Meshkin B, Waite RL, Downs BW, Blum SH, Mengucci
JF, Arcuri V, Braverman ER,
Palomo T.
Med Hypotheses . 2007;69 (5):1054-60.
Epub 2007 Apr 30. PMID: 17467918 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE] Related citations
Reward deficiency syndrome in
obesity: a preliminary cross-sectional trial with a Genotrim
variant.
Blum K, Chen TJ, Meshkin
B, Downs BW, Gordon CA, Blum S, Mengucci JF, Braverman ER, Arcuri V, Varshavskiy M, Deutsch R, Martinez-Pons M.
Adv Ther . 2006 Nov-Dec;23 (6):1040-51. PMID: 17276971 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
Genotrim , a DNA-customized nutrigenomic product, targets genetic factors of obesity:
hypothesizing a dopamine-glucose correlation demonstrating reward deficiency
syndrome (RDS).
Blum K, Chen TJ, Meshkin
B, Downs BW, Gordon CA, Blum S, Mangucci JF, Braverman ER, Arcuri V, Deutsch
R, Pons MM.
Med Hypotheses . 2007;68 (4):844-52.
Epub 2006 Oct 27. PMID: 17071010 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE] Related citations
DNA based customized nutraceutical "gene therapy" utilizing a genoscore : a hypothesized paradigm shift of a novel
approach to the diagnosis, stratification, prognosis and treatment of
inflammatory processes in the human.
Blum K, Meshkin
B, Downs BW.
Med Hypotheses . 2006;66 (5):1008-18.
Epub 2006 Jan 5. PMID: 16403602 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE] Related citations
Are dopaminergic
genes involved in a predisposition to pathological aggression? Hypothesizing the importance of "super normal controls"
in psychiatricgenetic research of complex behavioral
disorders.
Chen TJ, Blum K, Mathews D, Fisher L,
Schnautz N, Braverman ER, Schoolfield J, Downs BW, Comings DE.
Med Hypotheses . 2005;65 (4):703-7. PMID: 15964153 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
Narcotic antagonists in drug
dependence: pilot study showing enhancement of compliance with SYN-10,
amino-acid precursors and enkephalinase inhibition
therapy.
Chen TJ, Blum K, Payte
JT, Schoolfield J, Hopper D, Stanford M, Braverman ER.
Med Hypotheses . 2004;63 (3):538-48. PMID: 15288384 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
Reward and
decision.
Cohen JD, Blum KI.
Neuron . 2002 Oct 10;36 (2):193-8.
Review. No abstract available. PMID: 12383776 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Related citations
Reward deficiency syndrome: a
biogenetic model for the diagnosis and treatment of impulsive, addictive, and
compulsive behaviors.
Blum K, Braverman ER, Holder JM,
Lubar JF, Monastra VJ, Miller D, Lubar JO, Chen TJ, Comings DE.
J Psychoactive
Drugs . 2000 Nov;32
Suppl:i -iv, 1-112. Review.PMID : 11280926 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Related citations
Reward deficiency syndrome:
genetic aspects of behavioral disorders.
Comings DE, Blum
K.
Prog Brain Res . 2000;126:325 -41.
Review.PMID : 11105655 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Related citations
Association
of polymorphisms of dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2), and dopamine transporter
(DAT1) genes with schizoid/avoidant behaviors (SAB).
Blum K, Braverman
ER, Wu S, Cull JG, Chen TJ, Gill J, Wood R, Eisenberg A, Sherman M, Davis KR,
Matthews D, Fischer L, Schnautz N, Walsh W, Pontius
AA, Zedar M, Kaats G,
Comings DE.
Mol Psychiatry . 1997 May;2 (3):239-46. PMID: 9152988 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
Increased
prevalence of the Taq I A1 allele of the dopamine
receptor gene (DRD2) in obesity with comorbid
substance use disorder: a preliminary report.
Blum K, Braverman
ER, Wood RC, Gill J, Li C, Chen TJ, Taub M,
Montgomery AR, Sheridan PJ, Cull JG.
Pharmacogenetics . 1996 Aug;6 (4):297-305. PMID: 8873216 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
The D2
dopamine receptor gene as a determinant of reward deficiency syndrome.
Blum K, Sheridan
PJ, Wood RC, Braverman ER, Chen TJ, Cull JG, Comings
DE.
J R Soc Med . 1996 Jul;89 (7):396-400.
Review.PMID : 8774539 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Free
PMC ArticleFree text Related citations
Lack of
association between alcohol-dependence and D3 dopamine receptor gene in three
independent samples.
Gorwood P, Martres MP, Adès J, Sokoloff P, Noble EP, Geijer T,
Blum K, Neiman J, Jönsson E, Feingold J, et al.
Am J Med Genet . 1995 Dec 18;60 (6):529-31. PMID: 8825889 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
Dopamine D2 receptor gene
variants: association and linkage studies in impulsive-addictive-compulsive behaviour .
Blum K, Sheridan
PJ, Wood RC, Braverman ER, Chen TJ, Comings DE.
Pharmacogenetics . 1995 Jun;5 (3):121-41.
Review.PMID : 7550364 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
21.
Dopamine D2 receptor gene
polymorphisms in Scandinavian chronic alcoholics: a reappraisal.
Blum K, Sheridan
PJ, Wood R, Braverman ER.
Eur
Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci . 1995;245 (1):50-2.
No abstract available. PMID: 7786911 [PubMed - indexed
for MEDLINE] Related citations
The D2 dopamine receptor gene as a
predictor of compulsive disease: Bayes ' theorem.
Blum K, Wood RC, Braverman
ER, Chen TJ, Sheridan PJ.
Funct Neurol . 1995 Jan-Feb;10 (1):37-44.
Review.PMID : 7649500 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Related citations
Prolonged
P300 latency in a neuropsychiatric population with the D2 dopamine receptor A1
allele.
Blum K, Braverman
ER, Dinardo MJ, Wood RC, Sheridan PJ.
Pharmacogenetics . 1994 Dec;4 (6):313-22. PMID: 7704037 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
The sobering
D2 story.
Blum K, Noble EP.
Science . 1994 Sep 2; 265(5177 PMID: 7802784 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Related citations
No structural mutation in the
dopamine D2 receptor gene in alcoholism or schizophrenia. Analysis
using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis.
Gejman PV, Ram A,
Gelernter J, Friedman E, Cao Q, Pickar D, Blum K,
Noble EP, Kranzler HR, O'Malley S, et al.
JAMA . 1994 Jan 19;271 (3):204-8. PMID: 8277546 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
Alcoholism
and the D2 dopamine receptor gene.
Noble EP, Blum K.
JAMA . 1993 Oct 6;270 (13):1547-8.
No abstract available. PMID: 8371464 [PubMed - indexed
for MEDLINE] Related citations
Allelic
association of the D2 dopamine receptor gene with cocaine dependence.
Noble EP, Blum K, Khalsa
ME, Ritchie T, Montgomery A, Wood RC, Fitch RJ, Ozkaragoz
T, Sheridan PJ, Anglin MD, et al.
Drug Alcohol Depend . 1993 Oct;33 (3):271-85.
Erratum in: Drug Alcohol Depend 1993 Dec;34 (1):83-4. PMID: 8261891 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Related citations
Substance abuse vulnerability and
D2 receptor genes.
Uhl G, Blum K, Noble
E, Smith S.
Trends Neurosci . 1993 Mar;16 (3):83-8.
Review.PMID : 7681236 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Related citations
Genetic predisposition in
alcoholism: association of the D2 dopamine receptor TaqI
B1 RFLP with severe alcoholics.
Blum K, Noble EP, Sheridan PJ,
Montgomery A, Ritchie T, Ozkaragoz T, Fitch RJ, Wood
R, Finley O, Sadlack F.
Alcohol . 1993 Jan-Feb;10 (1):59-67. PMID: 8095394 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
Association
of the A1 allele of the D2 dopamine receptor gene with severe alcoholism.
Blum K, Noble EP, Sheridan PJ, Finley
O, Montgomery A, Ritchie T, Ozkaragoz T, Fitch RJ, Sadlack F, Sheffield D, et al.
Alcohol . 1991 Sep-Oct;8 (5):409-16. PMID: 1839129 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
Allelic
association of the D2 dopamine receptor gene with receptor-binding
characteristics in alcoholism.
Noble EP, Blum K,
Ritchie T, Montgomery A, Sheridan PJ.
Arch Gen
Psychiatry . 1991 Jul;48 (7):648-54. PMID: 2069496 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
Allelic association
of human dopamine D2 receptor gene in alcoholism.
Blum K, Noble EP,
Sheridan PJ, Montgomery A, Ritchie T, Jagadeeswaran
P, Nogami H, Briggs AH, Cohn JB.
JAMA . 1990 Apr 18;263 (15):2055-60. PMID: 1969501 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
Ethanol ingestive behavior as a function of central
neurotransmission.
Blum K, Briggs AH, Trachtenberg MC.
Experientia . 1989 May 15;45 (5):444-52.
Review.PMID : 2566510 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Related citations
Narcotic
antagonism of seizures induced by a dopamine-derived tetrahydroisoquinoline
alkaloid.
Blum K.
Experientia . 1988 Sep 15;44 (9):751-3. PMID: 2843397 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
Central supersensitivity to norepinephrine
and amphetamine following brain chemical sympathectomy
by 6-hydroxydopamine.
Blum K, Wallace JE, Schwertner HA,
Meyer E, Morgan WW.
Life Sci . 1977 May 15;20 (10):1705-13.
No abstract available. PMID: 875616 [PubMed - indexed
for MEDLINE] Related citations
Isoquinoline alkaloids as possible regulators
of alcohol addiction.
Blum K, Hamilton
MG, Meyer EK, Hirst M, Marshall A.
Lancet . 1977 Apr 9;1 (8015):799-800.
No abstract available. PMID: 66592 [PubMed - indexed
for MEDLINE] Related citations
Suppression
of ethanol withdrawal by dopamine.
Blum K, Eubanks JD, Wallace JE,
Schwertner HA.
Experientia . 1976 Apr 15;32 (4):493-5. PMID: 944645 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
Morphine
suppression of ethanol withdrawal in mice.
Blum K, Wallace JE, Schwerter HA,
Eubanks JD.
Experientia . 1976 Jan 15;32 (1):79-82. PMID: 942927 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
Possible role
of tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids in postalcohol intoxication states.
Blum K, Eubanks JD, Wallace JE,
Schwertner H, Morgan WW.
Ann N Y Acad
Sci . 1976;273:234 -46.
No abstract available. PMID: 1072352 [PubMed - indexed
for MEDLINE] Related citations
Ethanol narcosis in mice: serotonergic involvement.
Blum K, Wallace JE, Calhoun W, Tabor
RG, Eubanks JD.
Experientia . 1974 Sep 15;30 (9):1053-4.
No abstract available. PMID: 4413287
41.
Effects of
catecholamine synthesis inhibition on ethanol-induced withdrawal symptoms in
mice.
Blum K, Wallace JE.
Br J Pharmacol . 1974 May;51 (1):109-11. PMID: 4474904 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Free PMC ArticleFree text Related citations
Soporific action of ethanol in
mice: possible role of biogenic amines.
Blum K, Calhoun W, Wallace JE,
Merritt JH, Geller I.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav . 1973 May-Jun;1 (3):271-6.
No abstract available. PMID: 4272868 [PubMed - indexed
for MEDLINE] Related citations
L-DOPA: effect on ethanol narcosis
and brain biogenic amines in mice.
Blum K, Calhoun W, Merritt J, Wallace
JE.
Nature . 1973 Apr 6; 242(5397 PMID:
4735636 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Related citations
Synergy of ethanol and
alcohol-like metabolites: tryptophol and 3,4 -dihydroxyphenylethanol.
Blum K, Calhoun W, Merritt JH,
Wallace JE.
Pharmacology . 1973;9 (5):294-9.
No abstract available. PMID: 4728041 [PubMed - indexed
for MEDLINE] Related citations
Effects of
catecholamine synthesis inhibition on ethanol narcosis in mice.
Blum K, Merritt JH, Wallace JE, Owen
R, Hahn JW, Geller I.
Curr Ther Res Clin Exp . 1972 Jun;14 (6):324-9.
No abstract available. PMID: 4625804 [PubMed - indexed
for MEDLINE] Related citations
The effect of
dopamine and other catecholamines on neuromuscular
transmission.
Blum K.
Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther . 1969 Oct;181 (2):297-306.
No abstract available. PMID: 4326551 [PubMed - indexed
for
Dr. Blum and Dr. Waite advocated a non-specific "healthy diet" and non-specific regular exercise to accompany a regimen of taking SynaptoseTM, the nutrigenomic neuroadaptogen they developed based on Dr. Blum's many years of research to increase the endogenous production of Dopamine and reduce negative Reward Deficiency Syndrome behaviors. The scientific evidence they have thus far accumulated, they say, demonstrates that SynaptoseTM changes the plasticity of the brain synapses while balancing the endogenous neurotransmitters, positively affecting the Brain Reward Cascade.
